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Abstract: In this preface, we present an overview of the topics and scope of the European Conference on Modelling Foundations and Applications (ECMFA) and describe the editorial and reviewing process for its 21st edition (ECMFA 2025). We also provide an overview of the papers selected for publication and presentation, and details about the keynote talks by Anne Koziolek and Matthias Volk. Finally, we acknow...
Abstract: Software development is significantly impeded by flaky tests, which intermittently pass or fail without requiring code modifications, resulting in a decline in confidence in automated testing frameworks. Code smells (i.e., test case or production code) are the primary cause of test flakiness. In order to ascertain the prevalence of test smells, researchers and practitioners have examined numerous ...
Abstract: Context: Digitalisation is transforming software-intensive embedded systems companies by focussing on business models that utilise software, data and AI (especially Machine learning and Deep Learning (DL)). However, despite these advancements, the majority of companies still struggle to transition their models from prototypes to fully functional oper- ational systems. This highlights the need to o...
Abstract: In software engineering practice, models created for communication and documentation are often informal. This limits the applicability of powerful model-driven engineering mechanisms. Understanding the motivations and use of informal diagrams can improve modelling techniques and tools, by bringing together the benefits of both informal diagramming and modelling using modelling languages and modell...
Abstract: The world faces escalating crises: record-breaking temperatures, widespread fires, severe flooding, increased oceanic microplastics, and unequal resource distribution. Academia introduces courses around sustainability to meet the new demand, but software engineering education lags behind. While software systems contribute to environmental issues through high energy consumption, they also hold the ...
Abstract: In this article, we discuss how we can facilitate the growing need for early validation and verification (V&V) of system behaviour in Model-Based Systems Engineering (MBSyE). Several aspects, such as reducing cost and time to market, push companies towards integration of V&V methods earlier in development to support effective decision-making. One foundational methodology seeing increased attention...
Abstract: Model-Driven Engineering (MDE) has been widely adopted across various industrial sectors due to its ability to manage the complexity of modern engineering products. However, traditional modeling languages and tools are often limited to a single, specific concrete syntax, which poses challenges for the diverse stakeholders involved in the modeling process.. To address these limitations, the emergin...
Abstract: Biases are hard-wired behaviours that influence software testers. Understanding how these biases affect testers' everyday behaviour is crucial for developing practical software tools and strategies to help testers avoid the pitfalls of cognitive biases. This research aims to assess the extent to which software testers know the influence of cognitive biases on their work. Our study was conducted in...
Abstract: Hybrid Rebeca is a modeling framework for asynchronous event-based cyber-physical systems (CPSs). In this work, we extend Hybrid Rebeca to allow the modeling of non-deterministic time behavior. Besides the syntactical extension, we formalize the semantics of the extended language in terms of Timed Transition Systems, and adapt a reachability analysis algorithm originally designed for hybrid automa...
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